SEO也不应该被忽视. 根据米勒的说法, "Having text associated with the video goes with the model of the 实习生et being text based.“特别是在YouTube等平台上, captions serve as a transcript that opens much more of a video's content to search.
Miller says the question the consider is this: "How can we add value by adding captions? It's a tool and enabler for content consumption, for the hearing impaired and everyone."
文件，”她解释道. “他们喜欢打开档案，发现每次在市议会上提到‘过河’的时候. 标题是用来回顾发生了什么."
了解自己的需求
字幕供应商应该引导您了解为您的应用程序提供最合适的服务所需的信息. 但就像选择任何服务一样，你对自己的需求了解得越多，你的情况就越好.斯图登蒙德说:“客户应该知道他们为什么要配字幕. “知道观众是谁是件好事.例如:, 米勒说，他想知道客户是否有员工需要住宿，或者这是否是合规问题.
根据Erler, 其他常见的需求包括提供视频搜索或为语言翻译创建文本.
这是记录
好的字幕要从好的文字记录开始, 哪个也可以用于翻译和多语言支持. 所以你需要决定你是提供自己的转录还是让供应商转录你的视频.A caption transcript starts with a verbatim text of the speech in the video. 的n that must be time-synchronized so that the player displays the captions at the proper moment, 与原声相符.
如果转录已经是你工作流程的一部分, 大多数字幕供应商将能够使用客户端提供的纯文本文本，并将其与视频同步. 否则，大多数制片人可能需要抄本. Given that this is the most labor-intensive part of the captioning process, 大多数生产商最好把它留给专业人士.
有一个常见的误解是，语音识别软件可以用来创建字幕文本. 这种观点之所以流行，部分原因是YouTube为一些视频提供了自动字幕.
然而, 任何看过令人困惑的机器生成的字幕，或者收到无意中搞笑的谷歌语音文本或不恰当的Siri回答的人都应该明白，为什么语音识别本身不足以创建文本.
“质量重要吗?? Is it because you want to enable search and navigation with a really sophisticated audience? 内容是你的品牌吗??米勒问道. “如果是这样，你不会希望在你的标题中出现太多错误。.
计算机、人类和周转
知道视频需要多快地添加字幕是很重要的. 一些制作人，尤其是那些处理合规问题的制作人，在没有字幕之前不能或不会发布视频, 而其他人则有更多的灵活性. 专业的转录员可以比普通的本科生更快地生成准确的转录, 实习生, 或编辑器.生产商应决定是否需要当日周转，或是否可以接受等待1个或更多工作日. 也, not all vendors offer live captioning, so that's an important upfront question.
虽然语音到文本的识别本身还不够, 一些公司正在使用这项技术, 由人类辅助和检查, 加快点播视频的字幕. 自动同步采用这种方法. “我们一直试图在两者之间找到平衡, 必要时使用人类技能, 在其他地方使用自动化,Erler说。.
3Play使用了类似的策略. 根据米勒的说法, "We use speech technology, [putting] it through speech recognition first. 我们有自己的编辑平台，有人会修改草稿." At the same time, "We take the stance that you will never be able to remove the human."
扎根于直播和广播字幕的公司, 如LNS字幕, 只使用人类转录员. 对于需要快速的客户, 当天转机, 该公司提供“现场”转录服务, 一个训练有素的编者把视频当成直播然后调整转录的时间以确保它正确同步. 如果事件也可用于现场观看或收听, a transcriptionist may be able to tune in to the stream to further expedite turnaround.
格式和平台
根据米勒的说法, “大多数网络视频, 当你添加字幕时，10次中有9次你添加了一个与视频文件相关联的单独的字幕文件." At its most basic, a client sends video files to the vendor, which sends back a caption file. 然而, a vendor can also take over most or all of the publishing workflow too.让这个过程起作用, Erler says it's important to know as much as possible about your video files. “你现在有什么?? 你的内容是什么格式的?下一个问题是，“它要去哪里?? 你打算在哪里出版?"
米勒说:“我们想了解你们的出版流程. It's important for a vendor to know if you're using an online video platform, CDN, 或者YouTube这样的网站, 是哪一个呢. This will allow the company to pick the right integration strategy and workflow.
A third-party video platform isn't required; vendors should be able to work with self-hosted videos too. 即使它只是一个QuickTime文件,米勒指出, 有很多方法可以为这些视频添加字幕.“3Play和Automatic Sync都提供了自己的api，以便与客户自己的系统进行自定义集成.
然而，使用视频平台也有好处. "A lot of platforms out there offer APIs that we can integrate with,Erler说。. “像创作或Brightcove这样的平台允许你进入自己的平台，并勾选你想要的标题."
Miller says 3Play's web-based system also offers integration with video platforms. "It enables the ability to send files back and forth (for captioning) with just a couple of clicks."
了解要添加字幕的视频的数量和频率将有助于供应商定制服务. Quite simply, "We can turn it around really fast if we know you're coming," Studenmund advises.
“这是一次性的还是持续的需求?Erler说. "If it's the latter, we can automate the workflow and take away some overhead."
名称、行话和缩写词
It's also good to tell a captioning vendor if your videos cover specialized or technical topics. "You can get specially trained transcribers in some fields," Erler notes. "的 medical field generates a lot of specifically trained transcribers, 我们的员工中有很多这样的人. 但是没有物理方面的转录员培训课程.""It's good to have lists of names, technical jargon, acronyms," Studenmund says. “如果我们能重新填充字典，准确率就会大大提高."
Miller says that 3Play "even enable(s) people to upload a PDF of vocabulary with their video files."
翻译
准确、清晰的英文字幕使其更容易翻译成其他语言. 一些字幕公司可能有经验丰富的翻译人员, 而其他许多人则将这项服务外包, 但要确保搜索结果能被整合为字幕或副标题.
清晰的声音对应清晰的字幕
很明显:为了获得准确的字幕，音频质量很重要. Erler说道:“我们可以在各种情况下听到音频. 注意麦克风的位置，并采取措施减少环境噪声，这在速度和准确性方面都有好处.Of course, that will only improve the overall quality of your video too. "If our transcription experts can't make it out, your listeners won't either," he observes.
也, 如果你的视频在后期添加了音乐或声音效果, Erler建议制作一个“预混音原声带”，只包含要配字幕的主要音轨.
结论
最后，米勒说:“与制作成本相比，(字幕)的额外成本微不足道." He says the big question asks, "How do you make it as easy as possible while maintaining quality?“你想选择一家能满足你需求的公司，让你的字幕工作流程尽可能简单，并达到你所需要的准确性.思考未来, 话务量观察, "Chances are you're going to end up switching platforms or finding new needs. 你想要一个能和你一起移动的供应商.他的建议是, “确保你的供应商对输出类型有广泛的支持, [因为]有几十种(如果不是数百种)文件格式."
边栏:标题的条款
在线和. Offline: "Online" captions are produced live, in real time, by specially trained transcriptions. If you've ever watched the captions for a live newscast or basketball game on television, 你已经看到了“在线”字幕的作用. Speed is the priority, so they tend to be less accurate than "offline" captions.“离线”字幕是在后期制作中创建的, 转录员在哪里为点播视频创建并对齐合适的标题文件. With this approach accuracy is the priority, and it's easier to achieve.
关闭, 开放, and Burned In: "关闭" captions are well-known because they are common in broadcast television. 的y're called "closed" because the viewer can choose to turn them on or off. 这也适用于在线封闭字幕.
默认情况下总是显示“打开”标题. 然而, 卡罗尔·斯图登蒙德说, LNS总裁, “并非所有设备都支持开放字幕." So if open captions are required she instead recommends using "burned in" subtitles, 哪些是在后期制作中叠加在视频上的.
侧边栏:为自己动手
而本文的重点是选择字幕供应商, 对于那些想要走DIY路线的人来说，这里有很多百家乐软件. 的 描述和标题媒体节目 (DCMP)是由美国.S. Department of Education in order to ensure equal access to education for students who are blind, 视力受损的, 充耳不闻, 听力困难, 或充耳不闻-blind. DCMP已经起草了清晰和明确的指导方针和说明，以创建良好的成绩单和标题, 所有这些都可以在其网站(dcmp)上获得.org).本文发表在 2014流媒体百家乐软件手册 as "选择字幕服务."
沉默的形象 通过在上面.
Paul Riismandel的文章首先出现在在线视频上.网